Which economist believed that government intervention is necessary to ensure the well-being of society?

Robert Owen is recognized for advocating the idea that government intervention is vital for the welfare of society, particularly in the context of labor rights and social conditions during the Industrial Revolution. Owen, a social reformer and one of the founders of socialism in Britain, argued that the poor working conditions in factories and the grim realities of industrial life necessitated government regulation and reform to protect workers and improve their quality of life. He believed that through cooperative living and improved working environments, the government could play a crucial role in enhancing both economic and social well-being.

In contrast, figures like Adam Smith championed capitalism and limited government intervention, focusing instead on the invisible hand of the market to drive economic prosperity. Thomas Malthus is known for his theories on population growth and its impact on resources, often emphasizing natural limits rather than government action. David Ricardo's work centered on comparative advantage and trade, advocating for free markets without necessarily calling for direct government interventions in the economy.